ABSTRACT
The Russian's had suffered a series of defeats at the hands of the Germans and the Russian 'steamroller' was in no condition to roll towards Berlin. Turko-German treaty of alliance is signed in the autumn of 1914 several mixed German-Turkish missions were dispatched to Persia, India, Afghanistan, Libya and Morocco to stir up disaffection among the Muslim populations of Germany's enemies. In Persia the Germans tried to establish a coalition of tribes to fight the British and in Afghanistan they sought to persuade the Emir to support a jihad against the British along the North West Frontier of India. On 2 October the British Cabinet retaliated by abandoning their support for Ottoman integrity. Churchill, still hankering after a Balkan confederation, pressed the Cabinet to break the deadlock in the Balkans by abandoning the formula of Ottoman integrity and promising the Bulgarians the territory they had lost during the second Balkan War if they agreed to re-establish the confederation.
