ABSTRACT
The logical structures for linguistic expressions are determined by the domain-independent properties of items like articles and modals and of syntactic constructs like verb phrases, and by the formal characterization of domain lexical items primarily as predicates of so many arguments. The heart of the issue is good old decidability, or whether or not the sentences of a language form a recursive set in any interesting sense. The work on model-theoretic semantics for modal languages and logics using Kripke structures is a bit of pure mathematical semantics that is arguably also a real contribution to real semantics. Pure mathematical semantics is either a part of or an application of mathematical logic. Real semantics, even though an application of mathematical logic, is a part of the theory of meaning or content. In doing work in semantics, the logician has a range of tools available and certain criteria for choosing among them.
