ABSTRACT
Black Sea
B a l t i c
S e a
N o r t h
S e a D E
0 300miles
500kilometres
L A T V I A
LITHUANIA
Berlin
Erfurt
Bremen
The borders of Europe established in 1945 remained until the twenty-first-century, with the exception of Yugoslavia (which broke up into five independent states in 1991) and Czechoslovakia (which broke into two States in 1993). Germany was re-united in 1990. The Iron Curtain – the divide between Western Europe and Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe from 1945 – from which Yugoslavia extracted itself in 1948, continued as an ideological and physical barrier until 1989.
