ABSTRACT
Who uses adaptive and personalized learning environments? How are these environments different from face-to-face environment? Adaptive and personalized learning environments are typically used either as complementary resources to the face-to-face teaching or in online education where there are no experts available at the time students are learning. Since these environments are used by the students in their own time, at their own pace, from and wherever they are learning, it is impossible to guarantee that there will be an expert available to support learning at that particular moment. Many of these scenarios constitute life-long learning. Let us first look at what life-long learning is before discussing how people undertaking life-long learning can be supported by adaptivity and personalization.
