ABSTRACT
When г appears in a sentence with ህᰃ, it does not have a stand-alone meaning, and should not be literally translated as ‘also’. ህᰃ . . . г . . . is a pair that means ‘even if ’; it has several connotations and is considered interchangeable with ेՓ . . . г . . . ( jíshǐ . . . yě . . . ). However, ህᰃ is often used in casual communication; whereas ेՓ may be a somewhat more formal word. In addition, ेՓ can be followed by ᰃ, but ህᰃ cannot. Learners who fail to take into consideration the presence of г in the sentence often fi nd the expression hard to understand or even misinterpret it.
