ABSTRACT
This chapter analyzes arguments and recognizing fallacies. Arguments are sometimes called "the giving of reasons". Harman called this process "a change in view" because the objective is to change an "old view" or belief into a "new view" or belief with reasoning. In everyday, natural-language arguments, the premises and conclusions are not labeled. Sometimes arguments are deliberately disguised so that it may appear that the speakers are not supporting some conclusion. Although all arguments must contain at least one argument and one conclusion, most arguments consist of additional components. The arguments that are used to build the main argument are called subarguments. A qualifier is a constraint or restriction on the conclusion. The counterargument presents a reason for not having a national college-level test. The fallacy of false cause is discussed more completely in, but it is also important to discuss in the context of reasoning fallacies.
