ABSTRACT
The Heian period spans from the early ninth to late twelfth centuries, the Kamakura period from the late twelfth to the mid-fourteenth centuries, the warring states period from the late fifteenth to the late sixteenth centuries, and the Tokugawa period from the early seventeenth to the late nineteenth centuries. In this chapter, though references will be made to the late Heian and Kamakura periods, we are primarily concerned with the warring states and Tokugawa periods for the reasons which will subsequently become apparent.
