ABSTRACT
Industrial capitalism peeped out here and there before the nineteenth century, but on any considerable scale it seems to have been rejected like an alien graft, as something too unnatural to spread far. Capitalism and feudalism were not mutually exclusive in their modes of thinking or feeling. After several false starts, chiefly in Italy and the Netherlands, it was in England that the new mode of production eventually got going, and then by the roundabout route of agrarian capitalism, nowhere else adopted over a whole country. Imperialism, seizure of colonies, was an alternative to be taken up all the more urgently, along with cultivation of extreme militarism and racialism. In Latin America, with the church no longer sound, and a medley of races and social strata only imperfectly transformed into modern classes, and often no identifiable leading class, it has come naturally to armies to usurp this position, and for property and Washington to rally around them.
