ABSTRACT

This chapter argues against the mainstream, consensus conception of justificatory reasons, which holds that justificatory reasons must be accessible or shareable. Standard conceptions of reasons typically include four reasons requirements: shareability, accessibility, symmetry and sincerity. The convergence view either rejects these requirements or renders them trivial. Accounts of epistemic justification vary, but people need only specify a conception of epistemic justification for justificatory reasons. The relevant conception of epistemic justification is a form of access internalism. A conception of justificatory reasons respects reasonable pluralism more than another if it accords justificatory force to more reasons that citizens themselves assign justificatory force at the right level of idealization and offers more opportunities to citizens to converge on common norms given their diverse reasons. Natural theology is the attempt to discern evidence for the existence or activity of the supernatural through natural reason. Many argue against the moral permissibility of suicide on natural theological grounds.