ABSTRACT
There are many social questions important to planning research that are very difficult to address by talking to people about what they know and think – questions, for instance, about how people live, about how they interact with each other and with places, about how they go about their work. This chapter proposes that such questions can be approached through non-verbal ethnographic methods, such as participant observation, cognitive mapping, and photographic enquiry. It gives a brief introduction to how these methods work, acknowledging their flexibility and illustrating with some concrete examples.
