If capitalism and industrialization were the consequences of a protestant ethic they made the maintenance of a unified ideology of work impossible; in this sense they negate the concept from which they grew. It would hardly be an exaggeration to suggest that the major problem facing modern industrial and political organization has been the attempt to construct an effective ideology to overcome the results of industrialization. The problem, in particular, presents itself as the necessityof dealing with the division oflabour in two senses, the detailed division of labour by function and by task (the consequences of which have come to be represented as the problem of anomy) , and the social division of labour by classand by interest (which has come to be represented as the problem of alienation).