ABSTRACT
This principle is one that does seem to distinguish different schools, especially between cognitive/cognitive behavioural therapy and psychodynamic therapy. Beck (1976), however, stresses that there are many commonalities between cognitive therapy and psychoanalysis: mainly their common interest in insight and restructuring aspects of the overall mental organisation of the client. His main differences with psychoanalysis followed from his research into psychoanalytic concepts of depression. His crucial understanding came from the realisation that the psychoanalytic concept of `introverted hostility' added little to the cognitive concept; indeed, it was super¯uous. The Freudian view of emotion was `convoluted' and `so far removed from information obtained from patients that it is dif®cult to test' (Beck, 1976, p. 114). Furthermore, psychoanalytic approaches `postulate an indirect connection between the source of fear (in anxiety) and the speci®c content of the fear that the patient experiences' (Beck, 1976, p. 166). This means that the targets for the therapy of anxiety will be indirect and not as ef®cient as they should be ± thus, the rationale for the supposed `economical' nature of cognitive therapy. Part of this ef®ciency comes from the fact that `it is not necessary to get
of or
have This underlying factors linked to the maintenance system. Salkovskis et al. (1998), for example, postulate a therapy of OCD based on disrupting the maintenance cycle but also acknowledge that there do seem to be certain recurrent early experiences that are evident in clients' backgrounds ± where overprotection and overly stressed responsibility form part of childhood experience. Sanders and Wills (2003) also point out that though the maintenance cycle is stressed in the cognitive therapy of panic disorder, it is frequently fruitful to deal also with other development issues; clients, for example, seem to be more vulnerable to panic when both starting and ending relationships.
