Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a recognized pattern of malformation, growth deficiency, and central nervous system effects that occurs in some children born to alcoholic mothers. The pattern of malformation includes a cluster of facial characteristics (short palpebral fissures; hypoplastic and elongated philtrum; thin upper lip, flat midface, short upturned nose; small chin, and some other eye anomalies including ptosis and strabismus; and some minor anomalies of the external ear) (Clarren & Smith, 1978). Not all these characteristics are found in all children given a diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome, and the individual characteristics have no diagnostic significance when found in isolation. A higher frequency of major congenital malformations (heart defects, meningomyelocele, etc.) occurs in children with fetal alcohol syndrome but no particular major malformation is necessary for diagnosis. Growth deficiency for height, weight, and/ or head circumference is usually present at birth. In infancy, the central nervous system (CNS) effects include increased tremulousness and jitteriness, poor sucking reflex, hypotonia or hypertonicity, and delayed development. Hyperactivity, attentional deficits, and borderline to moderate mental retardation are usually manifest during childhood.