ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the evaluation of some personality traits using special scales. Psychologists who have some familiarity with special scales may believe otherwise. Improvement ratings were made by two expert judges on the basis of available documents. Sophisticated researchers now view psychotherapy outcome as a dimension or a process, not a dichotomy. Contemporary constructs that would be synonymous with such a level of ego are hardiness and high-level wellness. High-level wellness and hardiness had no place in Freudian theory. Hardiness has surplus meaning beyond being asymptomatic. A measure of ego-strength that was more than simply the ability to avoid symptoms could have multiple important uses. American moral standards are frequently violated by Americans. The statement is so manifestly true that it hardly seems cynical. Everyone has dependency and dominance needs. The consequence of a strong dominance need is not so clear since people who need to be dominant may or may not actualize that need successfully.
