ABSTRACT
§ 1 . The doctrine of Heraclitus seems at first different from the theories of his Ionian compatriots. In principle, however, we find it identical, but developed to a point at which it is compelled to break through the previous limits. On the problems of psychology we find in Heraclitus new light, but such light as serves only to make darkness more visible. The suggestiveness of his work is due to the manner in which he combines several points of view; and these are sufficiently distinct to make a complicated result, but not distinct enough to make clear the elements combined in the result. The points of view in question are (1) the original cosmological method; (2) the analysis of knowledge as containing grades of quality; (3) empirical observation. Before considering the relation of these distinct points of view the facts known may be summarily stated.
