ABSTRACT
Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) was a pupil and protege of Freud, but broke away from his master's teaching in 1913 to develop his own school of analytical psychology. The main disagreement between the two men was over the nature of libido, which Jung believed to be more than sexual. Jung postulated the existence of a collective unconscious: i.e., a racial memory inherited by all members of the human family and connecting modern man with his primeval roots. The collective unconscious is manifested in the recurrence of certain images, stories, figures, called 'archetypes'-the 'psychic residua of numberless experiences of the same type'. Psychological maturity, or 'individuation' entails the individual's recognition and acceptance of archetypal elements of his own psyche, for which Jung coined the descriptive terms 'shadow', 'persona', and 'anima' (a triad that might be compared to Freud's Id, Ego, and Super-ego). Failure in this regard leads to a neurotic projection of unacknowledged elements of the psyche on to others.
