This chapter reviews actions that have been taken in emergency situations around the world in response to environmental problems. It addresses the ‘supply side’ in the environmental equation in humanitarian emergencies, specifically through the provision of fuel to refugees and other forced migrants in various situations around the world. The chapter considers two major elements of ‘demand management’ of forest resources – first through the provision of fuel-efficient stoves, which are designed to reduce overall energy consumption, and then through woodland management, including the introduction of controls on cutting of wood, and attempts at reforestation. When refugees arrive in an area, humanitarian intervention is generally focused on what are seen as the four basic commodities essential to sustain life, namely food, water, shelter and adequate health care. In Pakistan and Iran, which between them shared over three million refugees from the conflict in Afghanistan, there were also high profile and high budget schemes based on reforestation activities.