ABSTRACT
Republican clubs were backed by some older-generation liberals, like Voyer d'Argenson, whose radicalism never dimmed and who became an enthusiastic patron of Buonarroti. The republicans of Lyon were more pre-occupied with arguing the merits of Girondin and Jacobin republicanism than the problems of the canuts. The Bonapartism of the 1830s seems to have been a compound of nostalgia for military glory, recalled in novels, plays, songs and paintings, and the conviction that Napoleon had been a vital component in the revolutionary process, saving the republic I n 1799 and facilitating the completion of legislation which created the modern French state. Louis-Philippe was aware of the publicity potential of harnessing Bonapartism to Orleanism. Monuments erected or modified by the Orleanists celebrated Napoleon as the soldier of the Revolution. Republicans had no precise political or social programme. Only a tiny minority countenanced insurrection as the way forward; this was very apparent in 1832 and in 1834.
