ABSTRACT
The dominant primary magmas will move across from the subalkaline into the midalkaline and finally the alkaline fields. The Earth's magma-lava ocean will cool and the surface will be covered by a vast global sheet of inhomogeneous lava with the bulk composition of a basaltic icelandite enriched in incompatible elements. To track down the origin and cosmic abundance of the chemical elements one has to delve into the field of cosmology. The big-bang was the first stage in element synthesis, or nucleogenesis. The heavier elements and some helium was produced by later astrophysical processes. The spectral lines of technetium, an element that lacks stable iso topes, have been detected in light derived from the remnants of supernovae. Some light elements such as deuterium, lithium, beryllium and boron are readily destroyed in the interiors of stars, but are also easily created by the action of cosmic rays on carbon, nitrogen and oxygen nuclides in interstellar space.
