ABSTRACT
This chapter deals with the impact of momentous change upon the conduct of Irish politics and public administration. The direct relationship between individuals and other legal persons and the Communities is particularly important because of its impact upon the enforcement of human rights and their further evolution. Although the original treaties provide the constitutional law of the system, the institutions and processes of government and administration have evolved organically. The European Court, which has the function under the Treaties of ensuring that Community law is observed, stands alongside, and in some circumstances, the Irish courts. The Commission is the driving force of the Community political process, for it has the sole right of initiating policy. The Commission's role as policy-initiator clearly places it at the centre of affairs, but it shares this position with the Council of Ministers, whose chief function is to adopt legislative proposals initiated and submitted by the Commission.
