Useful biographies include R Blake, The Unknown Prime Minister: The Life and Times of Andrew Bonar Law (1955); D Dutton, Austen Chamberlain: Gentleman in Politics (1985); K Middlemas and J Barnes, Baldwin: A Biography (1969); D Dilks, Neville Chamberlain, vol I: 1869-1929 (1984); M Gilbert, Winston S Churchill (8 vols, 1966-88). Also worth m entioning are J A Cross, Sir Samuel Hoare (1977); J Campbell, F E Smith: First Earl of Birkenhead (1983); and R R Jam es, Anthony Eden (1986). A rtic le s M Pugh, ‘Popular Conservatism in Britain: continuity and change 1880-1987’, JBS (1988) is a good overview. Particularly useful are

J Stubbs, ‘T he impact of the Great W ar on the Conservative party’ and G Peele, ‘Revolt over India’, in G Peele and C Cook (eds), The Politics of Reappraisal 1 9 1 8 -3 9 (1975); D H Close, ‘T he collapse of resistance to democracy: Conservatives, adult suffrage and second cham ber reform 1911-28’, HJ (1977); T J Hollins, ‘T he Conservative party and him propaganda between the wars’, EHR (1981); S Moore, ‘T he agrarian Conservative party in parliam ent 1920-9’, P H (1991); S Ball, ‘T he 1922 committee: the formative years 1922-45’, P H (1990); B I Coleman, ‘T he Conservative party and the frustration of the extrem e righ t’, in A T horpe (ed) The Failure of Political Extremism in Inter-War Britain (1989); K Jefferys, ‘May 1940: the downfall of Neville Cham berlain’, P H (1991); and J Ramsden, “‘A party for owners or a party for earners”? How far did the Conservative party really change after 1945?’, TRHS (1987).