ABSTRACT
There were two Scandinavian states at the beginning of the Napoleonic period, Sweden and the 'twin kingdoms' of Denmark and Norway. Their histories were closely intertwined, therefore they are considered together here. In 1805 October, following the battle of Trafalgar the Scandinavian states, both with large merchant marines, recognise that it is not in their interest to quarrel with Britain. Gustavus IV of Sweden, incensed by the execution of the duc d'Enghien, joins the coalition against Napoleon. Bernadotte meets the Tsar in Finland; negotiations between them result in the Russians agreeing to help the Swedes conquer Norway and Bernadotte promises, once this is achieved, to lead a Swedish army in support of the Russians against Napoleon in April 1812. In 1814 August 14, the Convention of Moss is agreed whereby Norway is to keep her new, independent constitution but recognising the King of Sweden as her king. Charles XIII of Sweden is elected King of Norway in November 4, 1814.
