ABSTRACT
There are two roots of the Chinese nationality issue, one belongs to the Marxist-Leninist heritage, and the other belongs to the origin of China as a modern state in 1911 and the imperial legacy. Marxism is a radically internationalist school of thought, advocating a world revolution, intending to sweep away the artificial differences of class and nation which divide humankind. The internationalism of the Communist Manifesto and early Marxism was tempered and eventually lost during the Russian Revolution and eventually Stalin's rise to power. The People's Republic of China, since its founding, has dealt with national minorities by giving substantial minority populations nominal self-rule at a relevant level of authority. A number of vice-heads of government are likely to be Han, and deputy-secretaries of the Party branch are likely to be from the national minority. The best and most pliable elements of nationality culture were presented in terms of Chinese national unity.
