ABSTRACT
The attention to "organizational fields" has been a distinguishing feature of the so-called institutional perspective on organizations. Among a variety of definitions, Scott characterizes fields as "a set of interdependent populations of organizations participating in the same cultural and social sub-system. In addition to such structural characteristics, an important concept that captures the cultural cognitive and normative framing of organizational fields is the notion of institutional logics. Relations and interactions with such adjoining fields may be of a vertical or horizontal nature. A historical approach allows charting the ways in which the three present-day authorities on management have come to be constructed over a period that dates back to the late nineteenth century. At the international level too, the center periphery model points to inequalities among countries. Core or central countries are distinguished by economic and political power and/or creativity, accomplishments, and the intensity of activity in cultural spheres such as science, literature, and the arts.
