ABSTRACT
Elementary and secondary education is labor intensive; that is, much of the work educating children and young adults requires direct contact with education employees, be they teachers, professional and support staff, or administrators. School district budgets reflect the labor-intensive nature of pre-kindergarten through 12th grade education. It is not uncommon for 80 percent of the typical district budget to be personnel costs, which include salaries, wages, and benefits of all district employees.
