ABSTRACT

On its way to Constantinople Layard's last letter crossed a long letter from Canning which finally contained the long expected firman. It was in the form of a message from the Grand Vizier to the Pasha in Mosul, in which a broadly defined permission was granted for further activities. Characteristically, Canning's letter was filled with cautionary warnings.

The permission is indeed so complete that I am tempted to remind you of the discretion, and moderation which we have both felt from the beginning ought to accompany your proceedings, and never so much so as when the generosity and confidence of the Turkish Government appeal so strongly to our gratitude. 41