SOCIAL movements are always collective efforts to solve problems, but sometimes the collective aspect seems to be alm ost irrelevant. In other instances, it appears to be crucial. The present chapter will provide one or two illustrations of social movemerits in which community of membership is the chief means to the movement's goals. In these movements, each member solves his problems with the help of others; in turn, he forms part of the solution to the problems of other members. Although this process occurs in various kinds of movements, we shall illustrate it with social movements that aim at producing changes within their members, rather than directly in society at large. In other words, we shall deal with movements which collectively promote individual change.