ABSTRACT
National policies and administrative practices play an important role in the way minorities negotiate their place in their ‘new’ home country. Institutional factors have a direct influence on the civic and political incorporation of immigrants and minorities. According to Patrick Ireland (1994: 9), policies, laws and administrative practices ‘seem particularly likely to spark certain kinds of ethnic and immigrant group activity’ and influence their involvement in civil society and the political arena. In addition, Joel S. Fetzer and J. Christopher Soper have suggested that church-state relations have a direct bearing on Muslim integration (2005). This aspect is noted in the present study, as our exploration of Muslim citizenship also includes attention to the model of secularism in each state.
