ABSTRACT
The lessons drawn from World War II and then the tensions of the Cold War gave new life to many longstanding arguments and strategies for peace, though in some cases there had been hints of new vitality between the wars. The chapter examines the nonviolence, including explicit references to Gandhi's legacy, permeated many Islamic movements for peace and justice, especially from the 1980s onward. It dealts with elements of the protests that swelled over uncontrolled nuclear tests and nuclear weaponry, during the late 1950s and through the 1960s. An annual conference brought local leaders together to discuss current peace issues and reconciliation strategies. But anti-nuclear activities spurred various organizations, and then in the twenty-first century widespread opposition to the American-led invasion of Iraq created new interest in peace themes. The final mass movement for peace, on an even more global basis, occurred in anticipation of the American invasion of Iraq in 2003.
