In early 2007, material posted to various web sites by the senior management of the Hong Kong Institute of Education (HKIEd) triggered intense public disquiet. The alleged violations of academic freedom and institutional autonomy named two government ofÅ cials: Professor Arthur Li Kwok-cheung (Professor Li), secretary of education and manpower (SEM), and his permanent secretary (PSEM), Mrs. Fanny Law Fan Chiu-fun.