ABSTRACT
In the wake of rapid, postWorld War II urban growth and congestion, attractive theories of information, communication and interaction were being applied to city structure, and the term community began to appear. Meier's suggestion that communication technologies could relieve congestion repeatedly reappears as telecommuting, which has yet few satisfactory results. Since police power regulation is usually the lowest-cost approach to managing demand, access management became a most attractive tool to control congestion. Until recently, few of the doubts raised by these contrary voices have had much effect on conventional traffic management approaches. In the early 1960s, traffic engineering and urban design packaged ideas about access that, in the theater of law, played lead roles in the postWorld War II drama of moral design. Traffic engineering and urban design and planning academics and professionals made convincing arguments decades ago that reconfiguring street networks and interfaces would be widely beneficial.
