ABSTRACT
This chapter examines Nike, Apple and Google, and as can be seen in Table 8.1, each one of them has been very successful. It deals with Nike because they first established the high tech model with shoes, and more importantly were the first to engage in off-shoring and the creation of the “donut” corporation. Nike emerged out of the initial low cost production advantage of Japanese production of shoes in the early 1960s to become the leading worldwide producer athletic of shoes and apparel. Nike has off-shored its physical production facilities for shoes, and Apple has done so for its physical production of i-products. The crisis of Fordist capitalism in the 1970s had generated a new international division of labor with global supply chains that outsource manual labor from the core countries to the periphery. Google has some of the same innovative and teamwork principles as Nike and Apple, but Google produces few manufactured and physical products.
