ABSTRACT
This chapter provides a systematic examination of leadership. Leadership is interpersonal more than it is personal and is used to create the interacting ebb and flow between leader and follower. Leadership clearly depends on responsive followers in a process involving the direction and maintenance of collective activity. Leadership is more likely to occur in groups, but it is equally important in interpersonal contexts. Leadership is remarkably chameleon-like. Practically every leadership analysis offers a theory or a set of guidelines for success. The leadership models associated with the trait and early process theories are all "leader-oriented" approaches. Much of the research on the culture as leadership model focuses on changing an existing culture or starting a new culture, whereas others explain that the continued effectiveness of an organization may depend on cultural maintenance, a less sensational form of culture as leadership. In organizations, leaders or managers are judged by the accomplishments of their team, group, subordinates, or projects.
