ABSTRACT
The new shock had further impacts on the means and the time neither the Navy nor the Air Force were spared. Threats against critical infrastructure, short-range nuclear weapons, cyber warfare, espionage, strategic shocks as well as climate change were on the agenda. How did the four Nordic countries respond when facing the second potential shock? Was the Russian war against Georgia perceived as shock at all? Moreover, what similarities and differences can be observed when exploring their military strategies? The Georgian war passed more or less completely under the radar of the Danish politicians. It is, however, difficult to estimate the direct effects of the Georgian war on the Finnish defence strategies. Although the Commission detected some indicators, they did not anticipate the upcoming Georgian war. The policy reorientation aimed at enhancing defence capabilities by increasing the usability and accessibility of the Armed Forces, were however, only in part due to the Georgian war.
