ABSTRACT
This chapter provides a summary of the informational approach developed in relation to the case studies and examines the doctrinal implications of this approach for international law on the use of force and cyber attacks. It considers the consequences of an ontological update to the conception of violence embodied in Article 2(4) in relation to the use of force threshold, and the legally permitted responses to cyber attacks. The chapter explores the effects of an informational approach for the non-intervention principle, and how this approach aligns with the purpose of the law on the use of force. New forms of cyber violence can harm states and threaten international peace and security, and this calls for new ways of thinking about violence and the law regulating interstate violence. Unlike the Estonia incident, in which the violence was only informational, the Stuxnet incident involved a combination of both informational and physical violence.
