ABSTRACT
The input and output from systems to process and back again should not be a surprise, because one definition of a system is a set of resources under the direct and/or indirect span of control of a leader or leadership group and charged to produce a defined result. Systems often produce various outputs with variable and changing requirements, do not have a dedicated work team, and are produced outside of a single manager's span of control. It is important to realize that the greater the variation in the process output and the less control there is over the environment in which it occurs, the less effective process science will be as a primary management strategy. Both process science and system science seek to create uniform and predictable outputs and outcomes, but there are significant differences in the nature of the workflows they represent.
