ABSTRACT
This chapter offers nine additional major considerations for making good decisions about designing instruction in all different contexts, and all eight are important elements of our Holistic 4D Model. Some people have placed great emphasis on the distinction between education and training, while others have been skeptical that it is an important difference. Task expertise is goal-oriented knowledge. It is knowledge about how to accomplish a goal, usually called a skill or higher-order thinking skill. Math skills, writing skills, and higher-order cognitive skills are a few kinds of task expertise that are generally considered within the realm of education. Content analysis is the process of defining the content to include in the instruction, including both task analysis for task expertise and topic analysis for topic expertise. The main goal of learner analysis is to identify all learner characteristics, abilities, and experiences that might influence the selection of instructional content and methods.
