The international nature of the 21st Century terrorism threat: preserving international intelligence exchange and the implications of the UK leaving the European Union

This chapter explores the relationship between the European Union (EU) and the UK following the UK's exit from the EU. International intelligence exchange is an essential element of national security illustrating an international terror threat requires an international response. The Schengen Information System (SIS) follows a similar story to that of Europol in terms of the UK's relationship and negotiation, and the UK's exit from the EU may affect the UK's access. In Kaunert and Zwolski's opinion the first international Passenger Name Records (PNR) agreement between the EU and the US merely represented the EU's attempt to play a significant role in the war on terror, which did not involve military action that had proved divisive since the Afghan conflict following 9/11. The chapter highlights four obstacles to the UK's successful negotiation: money, value of contribution, data protection, and uncooperative.