Introduction

Chapter 1 presents the major research question of the study: what factors motivate Japanese citizens to politically participate? It follows with the theoretical background of the main themes of the book. Political participation and its history in Japan are discussed. The modes of political participation that are the focus of this research are delineated, including campaigning (in the form of koenkai), direct attempts to influence policy, and attending town meetings. Finally, the question of why people participate is addressed according to seven main variables: resources/socioeconomic status (SES), political/attitudinal values, political efficacy, political engagement, social capital, political education, and other institutional opportunities.