ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the other strategies would come into operation: these included ballot-box stuffing, disenfranchising voters, defection by candidates, changing political sides in parliament thus prompting by-elections, and ethnic violence in order to both buy votes and disenfranchise potential opposition. It examines global geopolitics and internal conditions that prompted changes that led to the re-introduction of multi-party politics and the contentious elections that followed these changes. Scholars generally agree that the third wave of democratization began somewhere around the fall of the Berlin Wall, on 9 November 1989, and extended all the way to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Kenya African National Union's plans to win the elections, even though greatly aided by the disarray in the opposition ranks, benefitted from some of its own improvisation: eviction of the Kikuyus and other ethnic groups from the then Rift Valley Province.
