ABSTRACT
The principle of mutual support was stated repeatedly in the Cabinet Orders and instructions that defined the relationship between civil and military authorities at the provincial level. The mutual exclusion, which can be observed in the exchange of information, equally characterised the establishment of Civilian Plans for Protection in the event of major unrest. The low frequency of military intervention, limited communication and lack of coordination of plans, led to any practical cooperation between civil and military authorities being characterised by lack of mutual trust. The extended planning and practical cooperation between French military authorities and the provincial administration contrast sharply with the situation in Westphalia. Despite repeated calls from the Prussian War Ministry for cooperation and exchange of relevant information, the provincial administration and the military authorities in Westphalia had much fewer inter-institutional connections than their counterparts in Nord-Pas-de-Calais. In contrast, the important Munster garrison was located in a small provincial town in the rural part of Westphalia.
