ABSTRACT
This chapter presents the examination of evidence regarding racial/ethnic (R/E) disparities in cancer outcomes and receipt of appropriate screening, diagnostic, and treatment services. It focuses on three of the most prevalent cancers among elders: colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers. Colorectal cancers (CRC) have the second highest incidence and associated mortality overall and are the third most prevalent for both men and women. Several methods for detecting CRC have been developed. Most authors agree that there is potential efficacy of screening using a non-invasive procedure, fecal occult blood testing along with appropriate subsequent more intensive examinations. A number of variables have been found to affect screening rates, including place of treatment, knowledge among providers, and resistance to the screening procedures. There is extensive evidence for differences by R/E and other dimensions in CRC screening. The most commonly used methods for early detection of prostate cancer are digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen testing.
