ABSTRACT
The twenty-first century evolution of the Australia/United States military alliance began, both literally and figuratively, on 11 September 2001. The twentieth century shaded into the twenty-first, Australia's military alliance relationship with America continued to evolve as perceptions of its security needs changed. The world of 2005 looks very different from that of only one decade ago, and the status and substance of Australia New Zealand and the United States (ANZUS) has been reconfigured to meet changing realities. The most pressing concern for Australia's defence planners is the future structure and capacities of the Australian Defence Force (ADF). One recurring motif in analysis of Australian grand strategy and of Australians' own view of their place in the world is the notion of 'middle power' agency. The United States expected Australia to withhold from New Zealand eyes any intelligence it had acquired from US sources, or from the UKUSA intelligence network.
