ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the new arrangement of Three-olds Renewal (TOR) policies, looks at the role of the government and power-relations among stakeholders. It presents local practices in which institutional changes are made in the redistribution of benefits among the government, developers, village collectives, and villagers. Alleviation of such a severe confrontation between the government and rural villages required urgent institutional change. As the most powerful agent in urban redevelopment, local governments initiated the institutional change and granted self-redevelopment rights to existing landholders. In order to make the urban environment more livable and to protect public interests during the redevelopment process, the TOR policy requires a certain amount of land contributed for public use. In general, villages benefit from collectively owned land and urban governments receive revenue from the conveyance of state-owned land. Urban governments hold the authority of planning control which determines land uses and intensity, and thus land value in the market.
