Anti-Gypsy policy was also embedded in the numerous handbooks and lexica published for the use of state officials and the police, books increasingly aimed at the lower ranks and local officialdom, as part of a drive to improve their professional competence. The laws and edicts concerning Gypsies issued before 1914 remained operative, and the handbooks continued to function as reference and teaching material for both civil servants and police in the new era. The collections of the police museums grew and were given greater exposure at the of major exhibitions of police work, like those held in Karlsruhe in 1925 and Berlin in 1926. The teaching material included the racist, hateful language of the leading policing journals, evidence which suggests that a discriminatory, suspicious and aggressive attitude towards Gypsies was firmly embedded in police culture.