ABSTRACT
Translating in the narrower sense always involves the use of some kind of source text, whereas translational action may involve giving advice and perhaps even warning against communicating in the intended way. The initiator is the person, group, or institution that starts the translation process and determines its course by defining the purpose for which the target text is needed. The role of the translator is crucial in the translation process. The translator is ostensibly the expert in translational action and should be responsible for both carrying out the commissioned task and ensuring the result of the translation process, even when aspects like formatting and layout are assigned to other agents. The source-text producer has produced the text that is to serve as the source for a translational action. The intended target-text receiver is the addressee of the translation and is thus a decisive factor in the production of the target text.
