ABSTRACT
The oldest philosophical school in India to focus on the relation between the self and the not-self was the school of Sankhya. Sankhya focuses on the analyses of the relationship between the empirical and the ultimate and on the relation between the self as knowing subject and the things that it knows as objects of knowledge. The Sankhya theory of causation is summed up by Ishvara Krishna, a leading Sankhya thinker. The techniques for yogic deconditioning are divided into eight groups by Patanjali, proceeding from the more superficial and external to the inner and more profound. The earlier groups of techniques are regarded as necessary conditions for the later groups and are incorporated into the more advanced techniques of the later stages. The eight groups are moral restraints, spiritual observances, postures, disciplined breathing, withdrawing the sense, concentration, meditation and samadhi. Yoga begins with a set of moral restraints designed to reorient a person's will and actions.
