ABSTRACT
This chapter contains A. Maslow's hierarchy of needs; the principles on which it is based; underlying assumptions; guidance on application, and relevant issues; and related models. Maslow developed the theory from anecdotal, not empirical, evidence. The model is not intended to be a rigid description of attitudes and behaviour but a typical picture of what can happen in ideal conditions. It is intended to reflect life in general, not just work motivation. People have similar fundamental need-patterns that they wish to satisfy and they move between different groups of needs in similar ways. A person moves from lower-order needs, with physiological as the most basic, to higher needs as each need level is satisfied. Self-respect and a sense of own value is critical to self-esteem. The model represents individuals' experience. Different people are at different places on the hierarchy and the same person can move up and down the hierarchy depending on their circumstances.
