ABSTRACT
There is a great deal that may be learned from industrial developments in other countries. The argument is frequently used by those who favour Dictatorships that it is only when industry is owned by or is controlled and operated by the State that the maximum efficiency is attained. The position in the rest of Europe prior to the Dictatorships was mixed; there were some quite large businesses, but the greater number was small. In the early days Russian working pace was very slow compared with American or with the pace in other Continental European countries. The first of the European countries to recognize fully the national need for efficiency in industry and to take effective action in that direction on a national basis was Russia. The higher cost of centralized controls is inevitable no matter who runs the business; all Government operated businesses under a central control require more paper work, planning, controls, staff than decentralized industry.
