ABSTRACT
As labour power is often the only productive asset possessed by the poor, productive employment that provides them with a decent living can be an effective means of getting out of poverty. This chapter addresses the issue of the type of structural transformation of an economy that would be effective from the point of productive employment. The process of economic growth and development involves transformation of the structure of economies in a way that is characterized by a reduction in the share of agriculture and a rise in the share of industries and services in total output. The post-MDG development agenda includes full and productive employment and decent work as a goal in addition to the goal of economic growth. If this goal is to be pursued seriously by developing countries, it is important to start from how the notion of full and productive employment can be conceptualized from a practical point of view.
